The Report on Presidential Elections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Report on Presidential Elections - Essay Example The candidates have their own parties some of which are fragmented. The electoral laws advocate that the candidates should employ an interactive model, which incorporates the political influence of institutions and social cleavages. Social cleavages are linked with social identity because in electoral institutions or in the society, there are always divided groups. This may determine the way the society behaves towards voting for their preferred presidential candidate. The empirical research in comparative politics reveals that social cleavages impact the number of presidential candidates or parties in the election process. The electoral process has been a political issue in the late 20th century; thus, many political scholars provide their viewpoints that the electoral policies should exercise an outstanding self-governing effect on the political party system. The electoral exercises are determined by the electoral laws of a state and they depend on the party systems. The electoral laws exercise significant roles in the political society because of the independent effect they create on the party system. The research indicates that the electoral system influence on a party system is significant and it is unpretentious when comparing it with the effect of sociological factors (Jones 106). The issue of the party system fragmentation is one of the causes that creates varying degree in the presidential elections.... Thus, they advocated on the use of interactive model in assessing the combined political institution influences and social cleavages on the party fragmentation. Therefore, they came up with the solution of employing interactive model in political institutions. Though, the model is unclear as to whether it can be beneficial in understanding the party fragmentation in presidential elections. Understanding the party fragmentation determinants in the presidential elections is crucial because of the three main reasons. One of the reasons is that presidential elections exercise significant effect on the party system and the electoral laws (Jones 74). Another one is that the fragmentation level of the party system in the electoral laws may have a strong impact on the nature of the administration in the presidential democratic system. For example, one party government and the coalition government or effective or ineffective legislation; thus contributing to party fragmentation. The greater t he fragmentation levels the more problems in identifying the probable governance option in the presidential elections (Jones 74). Many voters can be incapable of making effective choice in the presidential elections because of party fragmentation and poor electoral legislation. The presidential election with weak legislative support may end up being deemed as candidates with undesirable traits in fragmented party systems. The influence of electoral policies is restrictive on the extent of social cleavages polity. The social cleavages seem to impact effective presidential election process; thus, many scholars argue that institutional and interactive models are among the effective approaches in competitive presidential elections. Dickson and Scheve (351) argue that social cleavage can provide

Gender Relations, in Relation to Violence and Misogyny Essay

Gender Relations, in Relation to Violence and Misogyny - Essay Example At times their music has been inspired by the experiences they have had with the opposite sex, observations they have made in the environment or general attitudes that they hold towards the gender. These opinions are demonstrated in the writer’s choice of words, the facial and physical signs and the dancing art accompanying the songs. Misogyny is also expressed in many of songs written by these writers. Misogyny refers to hatred for women usually exposed by men. A significant number of songs written by men tend to carry this theme (Sellnow 34). They tend express hatred towards the opinion of women while others of express hatred towards the physical appearance some women. In this state women are seen as objects for men’s utilization. Songs that purports gender violence have been designed to communicate that women should be submissive to their men giving the man power over the women. In this situation exploitation is not only expected but should also be demanded. The mess ages included in the songs include, abuse and torture, rape, and fostering an acceptable sexual objectification towards women. These themes are not only an issue of violence but also misogyny (Campbell 518). This has led to participants also obtaining a negative attitude towards women and therefore enhancing gender violence and misogamy. Misogyny is a situation where there exists a feeling of hatred towards female gender in the society. This happens especially where there is women subordination, inequality and gender discrimination. Misogyny usually has an impact on the gender relations especially between men and women. In the music industry, men, who are viewed as rational beings, tend to express their attitude towards women through songs. These songs consist of... This paper stresses that most of the song writers writing about relationship from the perspective of love tend to portray an emotional attachment that exists between the genders in terms of love. They tend to communicate that both genders will have a beautiful life if they existed together in love and care for each other. Many songwriters have also written songs that express violence that exist between men and women in the society. Song writers who express this theme of violence express the turbulent nature of relationship that exists between men and women. This report makes a conclusion that it is true that music is a very effective tool of communication used to transmit information from one person to another. Its effectiveness can be explained by its popularity and persuasiveness. All the same, its effectiveness can be a tool of destruction in the community if its content is not checked. Music is a main source of disregard to women arising form songs that have been written by their male counterparts. Music by several musicians such as Eminem, Kanye west and Flo Rida is evidence to violence to women by men in the music industry. Women are portrayed as a weaker sex, which is dependant on men, immoral, and should be an object to man’s desires. More to this, women are shown to lack authority to make major decisions and can only use their appearance to seduce men into something. When women dance in the videos naked they are demonstrated as sexual objects whose worth can only be judged from their appearance. This information when sen t to the public is very destructive leading to gender violence and misogyny.

Marcus Garvey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marcus Garvey - Essay Example Marcus Garvey a Jamaican saw the predicament of his people and joined Jamaican Nationalist Organization (Haugen 3). He valued the rights of his people and sought for an approach that would liberate his people from the tyranny of racial discrimination. Garvey toured many nations i.e. London, Central America, Jamaica, and United States of America among others. He was motivated by the predicaments of his people to form a civil right movement that intended to deliver the blacks from psychological bondage of racism. This paper analyses choices, motivation, and strategy of non-violent campaign and the leadership style of Marcus Garvey. Garvey’s approach to racial discrimination and colonialism in Africa and the rest of the world relied on his love for the black race. History quotes that he believed that Africans were able to compete with the whites for the top jobs (Haugen 8). The most pressing need that inspired Garvey to rally against the independence of Africans was taking contro l of their own destiny. He believed that Africans would improve their lives when they took control of their own destiny by instituting their own leaders. Garvey used UNIA as a tool that would bring the blacks together under one umbrella to address their social, economic, and freedom issues. For instance, the UNIA Conference held on 1 August 1920 intended to equip the African leaders with the conscious they required in order to fight for their independence (Haugen 6). The deliberation in the conference as expressed through the opening speech of Garvey shows that Garvey sought to change the conditions of life of Africans through a united movement. Garvey’s uses his own life a model that would shape the lives of the blacks. It is evident from his speech that his personal life motivated him to leadership position. His wish was to mould similar mind, which emulate his ideologies throughout the world. â€Å"I came from an environment that is not better than you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hill & Garvey 45). The above is one of the quotes that he made during a gathering where he was addressing blacks. The nature of life in Jamaica and psychological inferiority of the blacks in the United States played a motivational role in influencing the writing, political and social life of Garvey. History documents that Garvey made unique choices in his political movement and social life. For instance, his letter to Theodore Roosevelt portrays an inclusive leadership approach that aim at promoting peace as well as quest for primary rights such democracy in the society. Garvey believed in freedom movements, which advocates for basic human rights through peaceful negotiation. He fought for black pride, which he believed, would come from education and self-realization. Another unique choice that he made during his leadership is to influence the opening of UNIA offices across the world where the blacks existed (Lawler & Davenport 85). This choice posed a great threat to his personal life as well as the governments that oppressed the blacks. The choice to meet the leaders of Ku Klux Kean is unique in the sense that the organization was against liberation of the black. Critical analysis into the leadership style of Garvey takes us to the transformational leadership style. In transformation leadership, four factors form the basis of transformational leadership. These factors are inspiration leadership, charismatic leadership, individualized consideration, and intellectual stimulation. Garvey intention was to rally intellectualism in creating leadership for Africa and the Negroes. He addressed large audience and insisted on the need for education as the foundation for freedom for the blacks (Haugen 4). Another observation is the charisma in his approach to political issues of

Maintaining proper business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Maintaining proper business ethics - Essay Example Maintaining proper business ethics In this regard, those businesses that uphold moral practices are profitable in that they are able to meet the right standards of product quality while avoiding legal suits against them. This also goes hand in hand with the businesses’ reputation, which does not suffer adverse publicity with regard to its ethical operations. Such business are cautious not to any business malpractices as that would result to farfetched problems that might compromise their profit margins. Conversely, the assertion that good ethics results to good business only applies to businesses that are desired to last as benefits from business ethics only accrue in the long run. In other words, businesses competition in the market and desire for short-term benefits that will ensure business sustainability is what drives many businesses. Similarly, the economic viability of business ethics gradually declines even in the long run and companies are forced to take stringent unpopular decisions that are crucial f or business sustainability. For instance, many companies have had to infringe on their employees privacy by implementing internet usage monitoring policies. Some businesses have also had to lay off part of their labor force in spite of the public outcry and ethical implications, as part of structural adjustment programs. This now leads as to the second assertion that good business results in business ethics, and in this case, it is believed that the drive for profits will force businesses to uphold proper business ethics.... In this regard, the desire for sustainability will result to  good business ethics as businesses are forced to conform to proper business ethics. For instance, many companies are forced to show concern for environmental conservation as part of their collective corporate responsibility, in order to ensure sustainability of the natural environment and its resources. Environmental policies impact positively on the companies’ reputation, as they are able to show the companies' concern and responsiveness to environmental matters. The companies also avoid damaging publicity that could result from legal suits against them from the government or concerned parties; these may arise due to the companies’ breach of corporate responsibility in environmental conservation. However, the assertion that good business results to good business ethic is pegged on the assumption that all the concerned parties will exert pressures on corporate to act responsibly. This may not be the case in all contexts, as seen where consumers opt for cheaper counterfeit products regardless of the health risks involved. Employees might also be lured with financial incentives into foregoing their privacies and sense of ethical practices; this encourages companies to indulge in unethical business practices by flouting their social corporate responsibility. In view of the two assertions discussed above, it is evident that the issue of business ethics is as critical to businesses as their concern for profits (Camus). Ethical businesses are socially responsible, and the reverse is applicable in that a socially responsible business is ethical. In this regard, business

The Positive and Negative Effects of European Colonization of South Research Paper

The Positive and Negative Effects of European Colonization of South Eastern Australia - Research Paper Example This earliest establishment however, faced relatively tough conditions because of the overall land quality around Sydney Cove area. The second fleet arrived in 1790 to offer much relief for the settlers of the first settlement and greatly increased the overall presence of Britain on Australian soil. The overall purpose of establishing the colonies in Australia was mostly based upon the fact that British lost most of its American colonies in war of Independence. As such there was an emphasis on founding the replacement colonies at other places in order to continue to fulfill the political and economic objectives of the British Government. Besides the country was also considered as suitable for the purpose of plantation while at the same time, this colony could also provide compensation to British Loyalist Americans. This paper will however, attempt to explore and analyze the overall negative and positive impact of the European Colonization in the South Easter Australian region. Coloni alism- a general introduction Colonialism has a rich history as nations attempted to expand themselves beyond their physical borders by establishing colonies in other areas. Under this mechanism the indigenous population is either directly ruled or displaced to reduce the overall resistance to the power. England was one of the main countries which have established colonies across the whole globe to achieve different political as well as economic objectives. (Osterhammel 1997) One of the key impacts of the colonization of the territories was the systematic use and exploitation of these territories’ resources, markets as well as labor. As such due to these factors important socio-political and cultural changes took place in these areas which virtually eroded the original culture of these areas. It is important to note that the colonies which were established as a result of this were different in nature wherein nations either attempted to establish settler colonies, plantation c olonies, dependencies as well as the trading posts. These were established in order to achieve larger socio-political objectives besides ensuring that the overall power of a nation remains a dominating factor in world politics. Countries like Australia and New Zealand were settler colonies established with a major aim of transporting large number of people from the parent countries to these host colonies. However, the inter-mingling of the different races created strong health related issues. In many instances almost half of the race died of the different diseases. Aborigines of the region mostly died either through conflict with the Europeans or out of the diseases. European Settlements in Australia The early evidence for the attempts made by Europeans to settle in Australia dates back to 1606 when Dutch attempted to occupy the land. They were the first to sail through to this land however, they were heavily confronted by the Aborigines therefore they had to leave without settling there. It was also because of this reason that Dutch only made one landing on the soil of Australia and did not attempted to settle there. During 1770, British tried for the first time to sail through the area and attempt to establish a proper base in the region. In 1770, Capitan James Cook sailed around this region and named it as New South Wales. Cook also claimed the land in the name of England while at the same time ignoring the Aborigines.

Working Conditions in the 1900 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Working Conditions in the 1900 - Essay Example Following the high commercialized trade on slaves in European nations and America, the white settlers and colonialists had an ease in employing and commanding what they wanted in their workforce; and were highly discriminated. The situations were exceptionally harsh for the blacks. The reconstruction period in early 1900 undermined the working and living environments of the blacks. Black codes were used to proclaim the white supremacy. Treatment further exceeded to black’s right to exercise their voting right, intermarriages, unemployment in other vital sectors and being exposed to high levels of punishments (Murrin et al, 2011, pg, 465). Â  Despite such working conditions in early 1900, working conditions began to change and improve for the typical laborer organized mannerism. Trade unions were established and were used to increase workers count as well as to increase their wages (LaWarne, 1975, pg). The Congress also amended some clauses of the constitution in preference to changing the black codes that undermined the blacks (Murrin et al, 2011, pg 465). Â  It is expected by many workers that some conditions are effectuated to improve and provide a good and conducive environment. A managerial proper system is one of the major changes today being made. This is to ensure and strategize a proper working, organizational structure that prioritizes workforce conditions. Time should also be considered, and extra wages should be implicated in overtime hours. For senior workers, should also be allocated allowances to meet the unbecoming demands they meet while encountering their work.

Genies Character in The Secret of the Wild Child Assignment

Genies Character in The Secret of the Wild Child - Assignment Example In my opinion, Genie should be placed in a home where she is adopted by parents whose primary concern and care are towards her safety, protection, and comfort. Since she is mentally like an infant, she should be treated like a child and be left to play and interact with children while receiving mental care at another facility. My emotional reaction to Genie’s case is one of profound sadness. Her traumatic childhood experience, her lack of inability to grasp grammar despite four years of training, her situation with the scientists. In some instances, the psychologists and therapists seemed to care more about scientific discovery rather than her well- being. If I was a social worker, I would have ensured that there was a specific distinction between where she lived and where she received her treatment. I would ensure that she received the proper mental care she needed outside her home, where she would remain a child and not the subject of an experiment. As a therapist, I would primarily employ cognitive behavioral therapy, which is useful when modifying unwanted behavior such as temper tantrums exhibited by Genie. According to Dobson, cognitive behavioral therapy would also be effective since it enforces conditioning human behavior from the environment and external stimuli.