PSY 364 Human Development Lecture Notes Essay Example

PSY 364 Human Development Lecture Notes Essay Example PSY 364 Human Development Lecture Notes Essay PSY 364 Human Development Lecture Notes Essay Advancement: (+) or (- ) changes in life Patterns of congruities and change (incorporates development and decay) 3 different ways we grow: Partly like most people (organically) Partly like others (little gathering experience) Ex: demise ofa parent Partly like no others Ex: certain youth experience BROAD DOMAINS OF DEVELOPMENT: Physical Cognitive (glass of water) Psychosocial (how we manage feelings) Definitions of improvement: Growth: physical changes from birth to development (natural changes) Aging: (+) and (- ) changes in the develop living being Maturation: natural unfurling of individual hereditary arrangement Learning: moderately perpetual changes because of natural encounters. Age grades: socially characterized age bunches Ex: youngsters, newborn children, old and so forth.. Each accompanies its own benefit/duty Very continuous procedure Age standards: conduct desires for age bunches Ex: anticipate that kids should go to class Social clock: when things SHOULD be done Ex: having kids by a specific age. Off-time encounters are increasingly troublesome not expecting (parent demise, teenager pregnancy) Traditional methodology: broad change from birth to puberty, practically no adjustment in adulthood. Decrease in mature age. Present day life-length approach: formative change in adolescence just as adulthood. Gerontology: investigation of mature age and maturing. Prior to 1600: kids saw as smaller than normal grown-ups Modern view: honest/need assurance Average future 1900s: 47 years Average future 2000: 77. 5 years Greater in whites by around 5 years Dont truly know why the psyche changes: BOTH! Nature versus support banter Nature: heredity development and qualities (science) Nurture: learning, experience, social impact and condition (world encounters) GENETICS AND ENVIRONMENT INTERACT: Tyron (1942) Experiment on labyrinth running in rodents Specifically reproduced 2 lines of rodents 1. Dull on how well they could run the labyrinth 2. Splendid kept condition the equivalent Raised posterity in a rich or less enhanced condition (wasnt much chance to figure out how labyrinths functioned less) Genetics thought: thought those from dull hereditary qualities line would basically do more terrible RESULTS: dull line did Just too in advanced condition (presently performed like brilliant rodents) ECOLOGY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: Bronfenbrenner: bioecological model (interactionist model) How nature and support connect to deliver improvement 1 . Microsystem: quick condition Ex: classes you go to and so forth 2. Mesosystem: connections between Microsystems Ex: separate from guardians may influence how you do in school. 3. Exosystem: Social frameworks NOT DIRECT Ex: father had a terrible day at work, and kid feels this comfortable 4. Macrosystem: culture Chronosystem: changes happen in a time span 3 objectives of formative brain research: 1. Depiction: Understanding what occurs during advancement Individual contrasts 2. Clarification: Typical and separately unique advancement 3. Enhancement: How we can improve advancement Early Beginnings: Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Theory of development Use of child histories Kept records of how newborn children act Efficiently understanding contrast in youngsters Stanley Hall (1844-1924) Questionnaire technique with kids first to coin that youthfulness is a time of tempest and stress. Alfred Binet first IQ tests (Halls work to the following level) endeavor to get a steady gauge of childs knowledge jean Piaget (1896-1980) Focused on psychological speculations of advancement Modern life expectancy point of view: saltes (1987): 7 key suspicions of present day life length viewpoints Life long (continually experiencing change) Gain and misfortune and deep rooted pliancy Historical/social challenges, different impact Multidisciplinary considers Scientific methodology: Hypothesis: set of ideas and suggestions that portray and clarify some part of conduct. Theory: hypothetical expectations that can be tried by gathering information. Irregular example (versus accommodation): recognize all individuals from the bigger populace and select by irregular methods. Ex: hypothetically right way: List surprisingly from ages 70 in the whole world at that point select irregular individuals to contemplate. Ex: advantageous: Wars to do arbitrary inspecting however a lot simpler Political shafts Data assortment: (3 strategies) 1 . Verbal-reports: talk with, surveys, tests Strengths: Gathers a lot of information Simple Direct answers Limitations: Interpretation of inquiries (age contrasts) Issues of genuineness and precision Ability to peruse/appreciate discourse Ex: cannot offer meeting to newborn child or small kids m e an ities to depict what they are thinking. 2. Social Observations: Naturalistic: Advantage: common setting Disadvantage: conditions are not controlled Ex: pouring when concentrating in play areas Structured (Lab) Advantage: conditions controlled Disadvantage: hard to sum up to regular settings 3. Psychophysiological strategies: inspect connection between physiological reactions and conduct Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): measure downpour action during psychological errands Ex: what does the mind do when you recount to a story Heart rate: contrasted with gauge, decline may demonstrate intrigue. EEG: cerebrum wave action, indicating excitement states; upgrade location. Cortisol: Stress hormone STRENGTHS: most reactions are difficult to counterfeit (mind movement, cortisol levels) WEAKNESS: a few reactions are difficult to decipher Ex: high intrigue is related with a more slow heartbeat, yet so is a condition of quiet. Need numerous combining measures: Verbal reports and physiological estimates Unique difficulties in formative exploration: Infants and small kids: Attention, guidance, responding to questions might be troublesome Elderly Adults: Possible tangible debilitations Discomfort being examined, tried Adult maturing research issue: Want to contemplate perusing appreciation in more established grown-ups and contrast it with more youthful grown-ups Consider for analyze: Vision hindrances Slower What might you do to liken more youthful and more established? Give more seasoned grown-ups more opportunity to peruse the test Seeing the content: increment the textual style or let members pick textual styles Does your strategy for comparing impact your understanding? Going to appear to be counterfeit and made age impacts to compare for these various things Made perusing circumstance extremely odd The logical (exploratory technique) 3 basic highlights! 1 . Control of free factor change things and perceive how this change impacts conduct ex: 2 diff cleansers, tide or other (change circumstance) to see the distinction. Diff. study strategies, better evaluation? . Irregular task of people to treatment conditions ex: medication assists individuals with showing signs of improvement from colds speedier, fake treatment and medication are allocated to Sep. Test control what amount mentoring and when. As opposed to Just asking how would you study? Think of a heap of irregular strategies, along these lines you can control what's going on in study. Semi Experiment: No irregular task cannot tell if there is a causal connection between, just look at between the gatherings. Ex: can't tentatively control race, sexual orientation, handedness, morning versus ight individual. Race can't cause distinction in IQ Older grown-ups have more awful verbal memory than more youthful grown-ups multi year olds read more gradually than multi year olds. Involvement in language, and less instruction than multi year olds. Allot multi year olds to bunches of coaching in language to get them both at a similar level to make no distinctions CAUSAL EFFECT IS EXPOSURE TO LANGUAGE The correlational Method (deliberate relationship) contrasts = connection Determine if at least 2 factors are connected. Connection: a proportion of a relationship Can go from +1. to - 1. 0 Positive: factors move a similar way Negative: factors move in inverse heading (as one goes up the different goes down) No relationship connection is O. Can't set up a causal relationship. Age, ac complice and time of estimation impacts: Age impacts: changes which happen because old enough (science) silver hair Cohort impacts: Born in one recorded setting Changes because of contrasts in the public eye Disadvantage of cross-sectional plan. Time of estimation impacts: verifiable Take place at time of information assortment Burden of longitudinal structure Developmental examination plans (CLS) 1 . Cross-sectional structures: +1 associates or age-bunches examined 1 time of testing Studying age contrasts at any one time Cohort impacts! (accomplice and age impacts are perplexed) Provides no information on singular improvement 2. Longitudinal structures: 1 partner +1 time of testing study changes across time in one accomplice Costly and tedious Practice ettects and specific weakening Age impacts and time or estimation are frustrated. Successive structures: A blend of cross-sectional and longitudinal plans Advantages of the two structures: Gives data about: Which age-related patterns are age impacts? Which age-related patterns are really companion impacts? Which age-related patterns are a consequence of recorded occasions? Have starting gathering and track them across time: 30, 40, 50 afterwards select another gathering from an alternate partner at that point continue onward. End up with diff. ohorts to show various partners (timeframes) companion impact Gender convictions will change in 2000 than in 1950s and so forth.. Confinement: difficult to do Cultural and sub social affectability in research: Variety of settings considered-accomplice impacts Culturally delicate strategies and estimations information needs to sum up what opulation you are keen on. SES especially significant Ethnocentrism: not planning concentrates just pertinent to their ethnicity Research Ethics: Must shield members from any physical or men tal damage. Detainee/monitor study Everyone got truly into it, watches began to turn out to be severe. Thought of a wide range of disciplines. Science must be moral Informed assent: members need to know all dangers and advantages forthright. Questioning: inform members regarding the investigation thereafter. Ex:

Tech Schooling Essay examples -- Education, Vo-Tech High Schools

When plumbing turns sour, hair needs trimming, or the vehicle goes acting up, who will get the call? A great many people will answer â€Å"the handyman, the beautician, or the auto fix place not far off at Wal-Mart.† That answer is generally right. In spite of the fact that, the spotlight should be on how those individuals got where they are today. These individuals, who accomplish such a great amount of work for us each and every day, need to get some thought. Much of the time they would have gone to a professional secondary school or specialized school. These are extraordinary schools in which understudies get familiar with the specific aptitudes they have to finish their ideal vocation in a quickened timeframe. More individuals ought to be urged to go to these schools, since we will require progressively Blue Collar laborers in our future. Understudies as youthful as fourteen years old can enter these vo-tech secondary schools to begin preparing for their future vocation (Nolan 4). This may appear to be youthful to certain guardians in light of the fact that the normal confusion of these schools is that the understudy stops customary training to enter specialized classes (Nolan 3). This is a bogus articulation. Any secondary school understudy that chooses to get into a tech program despite everything needs to take the entirety of their center classes. At Central Nine in Indianapolis, the understudies need to take a half day at their typical secondary school. They despite everything need to take their English, math, science and the various required courses for them to graduate with their group. At that point the second 50% of the day is spent taking their professional classes at the Central Nine structure learning the abilities for their ideal vocation. For a really long time, individuals have viewed professional tutoring as an inferior alternative to a conventional school. Some accept that just under achievers will go to this kind of school... ...ast think about them. Then again, we don't have to constrain this idea down the throats of these decent individuals who are never going to budge on a four-year school. Professional tutoring isn't for everybody. A few people are simply not removed to do difficult work. That is alright however, we despite everything need the legal advisors and financiers in our reality. Support is a typical word all through this paper. The best thing that should be possible about the issue of lessening enlistment in specialized school is to empower individuals thinking about this tutoring. Urge individuals to investigate this kind of training, since we do require progressively Blue Collar laborers in our future. Support present or past understudies to discuss their encounters in two year college with individuals who are befuddled about what they need to do in their life. Energize them that this choice isn't for under achievers, yet for over achievers.

10 Ways to Become a Better Conversationalist

10 Ways to Become a Better Conversationalist You always have conversations. Right?But just what kind of conversations do you have? Of what quality are they?You go through an experience and you want to share it with someone. You get lonely and you want to spend time with someone. The first people you think of are your friends. Maybe your spouse or children. People you have a connection with.Why?These people make you feel good and life becomes better when they are around.You even wish you always had them around you at all times.Some people are better than others. They really brighten you up. Talking with them easily makes you happy and you enjoy the time spent together.But not so with others.There are those you would rather stay away from when you are not in your best moods.Any talk with them may as well make things worse for you. They are still around you anyway and you cannot wish them away.But you can avoid talking with them.And that is what you do.But have you considered what others think of talking with you?You talk to some people and you enjoy the time. But do all the people you talk with enjoy your company?Just as you don’t like conversing with some people, is it possible that some people don’t like conversing with you? Could it be that they are just acting polite by not walking away from you?If the answer is yes, then it could be a very saddening revelation. You would probably not want to believe it as true.This is because it hurts your sense of pride. Everyone has a sense of pride. It is what makes us love ourselves. It gives us confidence. Confidence, not arrogance.Conversations are a normal part of the human life. Human beings are social in nature and will always prefer living and operating around others like them. The human life is built around communities. Communities of people with common backgrounds or interests.Don’t we talk about the Christian community, Muslim community, the legal fraternity, even an online community? Not to mention that the online community is virtual. But it still exists and we passionately identify ourselves with it.No matter how advanced technology becomes, the community setup cannot end.With the high number of digital communication channels, face-to-face interactions are reducing by the day. People are now more likely to text their messages rather than meet and talk. Chat messages are becoming the more common way of communication.Is it just an issue of convenience?Well, there is definitely convenience being achieved but is there something being lost?Yes, there is.Human relations are becoming less authentic. Be it personal relationships or businesses interacting with their customers, conversations are losing the human touch.This is all in an effort to enhance productivity. We want to be able to do more in less time. Whereas this is a good thing to strive for, it would be best to seek out a balance. Balancing the traditional and modern modes of conversing.ARE PEOPLE INTERESTED IN CONVERSING WITH YOU?Being a good conversationalist can be an a rt that you need to learn.But it could also be an art that you excelled in only that technology taught you otherwise.How can you tell whether you have lost the art of making good conversations? Could it be that you didn’t have it in the first place? Maybe due to being born and brought up in the midst of technology?Here are some things you can check to find out whether people want to be in a conversation with you.Are they responding with only ‘Yes’ or ‘No?’This is one sure way of knowing whether the people you’re talking with are interested in talking.When they respond to your questions with these short words and add nothing else, take note. They are simply saying that they don’t want to push the conversation further. If they were interested in the conversation, they would give an answer that opens them up for more talking.For example, you could say to someone “It’s pretty hot today. Are you feeling it?” If his only response is “Yes” or “Sure,” then check how you progress. On the other hand, if he says something like “Yeah, I’ve been drinking cold water since morning to cool myself down,” then you know the conversation can continue.You can pick something from that response to push the conversation further.When gauging people’s interest in a conversation using this method, don’t use only one question.People could just be indicating a lack of interest in the current subject. Change the subject and see what their response is like. If you know some of their interest, engage them on those. If their response is cold, then you have a big clue. Politely excuse yourself and look for someone else to converse with.Are they asking you questions?When in a conversation with someone, you will mostly be speaking about yourself. The other person will then be listening and there is a way of knowing if he is interested.Asking questions helps you know more about a topic. When you encounter an interesting subject and you want to know more about it, you ask questions. Questions indicate that you are willing to spend more time learning.When you are talking with someone and he finds you to be interesting, he will naturally want to know more about you. If not you, then the subject you are talking about, which will lead him back to you. If he is not asking you questions, he is indicating a lack of interest.Continuing to talk with such a person is not going to change things. Instead, you will start becoming a real bother to them. The wisest thing to do is just leave them.Are they telling you about themselves?Conversations are two-way. There is no way one person will talk while others are silently listening throughout. There has to be responses coming from those listening. Everyone has something to talk about. It may not be much but there is definitely something to talk about.If you are telling someone about yourself but he is not doing the same, consider killing the conversation. If someone is not talking to you about himself, he doesn’t want you to know him.He is therefore willing to maintain silence so that everyone keeps to himself. Persisting in such a conversation will wear you out and make you a nuisance to the other person.This does not necessarily mean that you are the problem. The other person might be having personal reasons why he doesn’t want to engage in a conversation.Are they laughing at your jokes and stories?Jokes offer a great way of easing the tension between people or just getting someone to be more engaged.This is why public speakers always use them. You don’t have to be a talented comedian to tell funny jokes and stories.When someone finds you interesting, he opens himself up to be wowed by you.The smallest of funny stories regarding your childhood will be received with much liking.The jokes and stories you tell are simply narrations of your past experiences. Whether you are a good story teller or not, past experiences are usually funny since most of them paint you in cumbersom e situations.These are the kind of things you recall when talking with your childhood friends when going through your pasts.If the person you’re talking with isn’t finding your stories and jokes worth laughing at, then he is not interested in the conversation. Maybe he has a different background, different interests or lacks a sense of humor.Either way, it will be a tall order for you to make the conversation last.Do people get in touch after your first conversation?Conversations will end and you will part ways. The real test of the conversation’s success is the follow-up meeting. The person you met and talked with may call you after two weeks and request a meeting. This is a great sign that the conversation was interesting to him.If on the other hand, you are forgotten as soon as you part ways, then the conversation was not interesting. It is just like what happens to salesmen all over the world.They pitch to potential customers and at times, can only leave hoping to receive calls from them. If the customer was interested, there would be a call. If not, then no call would be coming.If you have experienced any of the above, then you have come to the right place.This article will teach you how to become better in conversations.10 WAYS TO BECOME A BETTER CONVERSATIONALISTHaving a good conversation is critical for everyone.You will feel the need for it especially when you are in the midst of strangers. You will be attending conferences, birthday parties, networking events, seminars etc.If things work well for you, you will find two or three people you already know.But those people also know others and they want to catch up with them. You are not going to spend all the time with them.So what do you do? You have to make new friends.Below you will get to know 10 simple ways which will help you become better in conversations. Start practicing these today and you will soon realize that starting and sustaining conversations is easy.Tip: You don’t have to be the one starting all conversations. If you however are in a networking meeting, rev up your confidence and approach someone for a conversation. If it’s not a networking meeting but there are people around you, go ahead and start the conversation.Below are the 10 ways to become a better conversationalist.Be yourselfThis is the most basic aspect of honesty. Still, some people prefer to stay away from it. Watch the below video to learn the importance of knowing and being yourself. With the widely-accepted philosophy of ‘fake it till you make it,’ many people lie about many things. Including their identity and personalities. This is the worst thing you can do when engaging in a conversation. You may gain someone’s trust quickly. You however start working to maintain the lie you built. Eventually, you will stand to lose the trust and friendship as you earn a tarnished name.Everyone is different in a unique way and you need to embrace that. What makes a conversation interesting is th e difference in thoughts, experiences, life visions etc.If you constantly seek to be like someone else in order to be interesting in a conversation, you will certainly not go very far. There will soon be a disconnect showing. You also stand the danger of forgetting the show you put up last time so as to support it further.Normal conversations are supposed to be easy-flowing and natural. This can only happen when you are being yourself. What are your likes? Which college did you attend? Which sport do you like?When you are yourself, it is easy to keep a conversation going without struggling. You are simply operating in the area of your expertise. Aren’t you an expert in yourself? Your words will also be consistent regardless of the situations you are explaining.Be genuinely interestedImagine what it could be like for someone to engage you in a conversation about your favorite subject.Be it holiday destinations, cars, fashion, movies etc. You could easily talk for hours. Why? Becaus e the person has shown interest in what you love. Whatever it is that you love, it forms a part of you. When someone wants to know a part of you, he essentially wants to know you. This makes you feel important to that person.When you show interest in someone, they tend to tell you more about themselves. This is important because all humans are always looking for someone to talk to. Even those who are introverted by nature. These mostly keep to themselves because they feel there is something inside them that’s not understandable by many. When they find someone who understands them however, they share deeply-personal things about themselves.Eventually, you will stand out in their lives as one who is likable because they can talk with you about themselves.Give and takeConversations are talks between two or more people. If you’re the only one talking, then you’re giving a lecture. If giving a lecture during a conversation, the other person is bound to lose interest and switch off. Giving and taking in a conversation is all about not talking too much. You should let the other person also speak.You may have a very interesting subject to discuss. Unfortunately for you, that does not guarantee that you will make an interesting conversation.The other person may also have something to say about it. If you dominate the conversation, even if you are an expert, you will cease being exciting.Ensure you let the other person talk too. Listen to their opinion, thoughts or knowledge then proceed on the common ground.Ask open-ended questionsAlways ask questions. Questions indicate that you want to know more. They show that you are interested in the life of the other person. This helps the conversation flow as someone opens up to you.All the same, you also need to be careful with questions. Do not ask probing questions. True, questions are meant to probe. It however matters how you ask them.Avoid asking questions like “Were you angry about that?” or “Did that make you uncomfortable?” Such questions are likely to attract monosyllabic responses. The person you are talking with may find this a quick way of disengaging from the conversation.Instead, ask open-ended questions like “How did you feel?” or “What was the experience like?” Such questions cannot be answered by a simple ‘Yes’ or ’No’ response. These will force the answer to be an explanation.This is exactly what you want so that the conversation flows. As they explain their feeling, let your interest show. Take their facial expressions and the changes in the tone of their voice as cues. These will provide for a natural way of progressing with the conversation.From the cues you have, ask follow-up questions or make follow-up comments. When responding to their explanations, both follow-up questions and comments can work.You however need to be more careful with the comments. Just like the questions, ensure they leave room for responses.For example, an answer to your question ma y be, “It felt so lonely being in that room all by myself. Everyone had left and I had to wait for two hours.” A good follow-up comment would be “Two hours? That must have felt like eternity.”This comment indirectly asks whether they felt like it was eternity. Note that the response only expressed the feeling of loneliness in an empty room. You are now building on the duration of loneliness.Alternatively, you can ask “Two hours? Why didn’t you go out even for a short walk?” At this, you can expect a response as to why there was a willingness to sit down in a room for two hours.As you ask questions, keep the tone of your voice in check and use your facial expressions accordingly.Focus on the conversationWhenever you are conversing with someone, you have to focus on the conversation. Whether it is your friend or someone you just met, this is very important.Although your friends might accommodate a bit of lack of focus from you, someone you’ve just met won’t. Someone you are meeting for the first time will interpret that as showing a lack of interest. It is also disrespectful. This will not earn you the marks you are looking for.Focusing on the conversation has to do with being attentive, responding accordingly and keeping distractions away. One of the biggest distractions is your mobile phone. In this digital age where you can conduct business from anywhere, you can receive email alerts at any time.More than that, you may remember that you needed to send a sales quotation to one of your clients.As much as this can be understandable, you cannot afford to make this a habit. The easiest way to avoid this is ensuring your phone’s alerts have no sound or vibration. Setting your phone to ‘silent mode’ shows the importance you place on your conversation.You will then be able to concentrate on what the other person is talking about.Do not argueConversations are all about sharing thoughts and opinions in a friendly environment. When someone tells you their thoughts about something, don’t rush to prove them wrong. Even if you are an expert and know better.In fact, such ‘correction’ will not be appreciated. The other person has not contracted you as his adviser. You are just supposed to know his opinion and share yours.While sharing your opinions, do not be authoritative or forceful. That is not friendly yet you intend to form friendship. You should be accommodative of their ideas and opinions. If the person is very wrong and you feel the need to correct them, then do so politely and wisely.You can start by asking them a question so you can understand the reason they hold the opinions they have. With that understanding, you will be able to know how best to make sense to them.Related to arguing is being judgmental. This is fatal to any conversation. Indeed it can even kill already-established friendships. When you become judgmental towards others, you are taking a higher position while lowering them. You are essentially t elling them how wrong they are and they need correction.Judging others also tells them that whatever they say to you, you are going to be examining it for mistakes.Since you are likely to find mistakes, people will be apprehensive to talk with you. Others will just not know what to say that is not contrary to your opinion.For this reason, they might prefer staying away from you.Give complimentsWe all like to be complimented, especially when we do something praiseworthy. This appreciation will make the person you are complimenting open up to you.It breaks some walls as the person sees you as keen enough to notice something good about them. Compliments are powerful tools that make people feel good about themselves.In a conversation setting, giving a compliment makes the person you’re talking with happy. They will then tell you more about themselves because happy people tend to talk more.Recognize their voices and ask them whether they sing in the choir. Appreciate the jokes they tel l and ask whether they are comedians. Such compliments go a long way in raising someone’s hopes and confidence.Since you make them feel appreciated, they will want to spend more time with you. They will also want to be more friendly towards you.Tell storiesAlways tell stories in the course of your conversations. As much as you may be trying to have a conversation with a stranger, just think of him as a friend. This way, it is easier to talk freely. Don’t you find it easy telling your friends stories about your life?Do not strive to tell stories which will be interesting. Story telling is easy and can flow very naturally. Keep the stories relevant to the subject of discussion.Are you talking about animals?Then tell a story about what happened when you slept with your cat in your bed. Have you had a hunting dog before? You can share some stories about the adventures. Did you maybe live in an area infested by snakes and you got attacked severally? Share some of the experiences.Thro ughout your story telling, gauge the interest levels in the person you are talking with. This will help you know whether to continue or change the subject. At the same time, remember that it’s a conversation. You should allow the person you’re talking with to interject and ask questions or make comments.If the person offers a story of his own, let yours die away and listen to his. Show genuine interest and be open to humor. Shared laughter goes a long way in building great friendships.Listen, listen, listenHave you ever tried talking to someone who is ignoring you? You definitely didn’t like it. You probably regretted getting into the conversation in the first place.When having a conversation with someone, the best thing you can do for both of you is listen to him. This not only shows that you are interested, it also creates room for a connection. Listening to someone talk enables you understand him.When he feels understood, he is ready to reciprocate. As you have understood h im, he will also want to understand you. This is how friendships are made. Not necessarily because two people share all the same values.The below video teaches some basic yet important tips on how to become a better listener. Watch it then read on to learn how listening impacts your conversations. It is important to note that listening is not for the purposes of replying correctly.You are listening to understand the other person. A common mistake many people make when trying to have a conversation is seeking to reply.This is as a result of focusing on the need for the conversation to flow. Do not burden yourself with the responsibility of keeping the conversation flowing.Conversations should not be mechanical. They don’t have to be predictable in their flows. Just allow yourself to go with the flow of things.Listening ranks very highly as one of the skills vital for communication. Learn how to listen and you will have better connections with the people you converse with.Listening is tied to the innate need to be heard and understood. When you listen to someone, you give him an opportunity to express himself and be understood. This touches them at the core.“Sometimes all a person wants is an empathetic ear; all he or she needs is to talk it out. Just offering a listening ear and an understanding heart for his or her suffering can be a big comfort.”  Roy T. BennettWhen you listen to people and understand their point of view, you are more likely to be sensitive to their opinions. This is what makes them want to talk with you more.Remember that you cannot say that you’re a good conversationalist unless people have said it about you.Since it is people who will say it, then let them be wowed by your ability to understand them then they will qualify you as such.Use non-verbal communication skillsNon-verbal communication is that which is not through spoken words. Communication does not happen only when you speak. In fact, non-verbal communication has a greate r impact than verbal.Primarily, this is communication through other parts of your body other than your mouth. This is why it is referred to as body language. This means that your body speaks. More correctly, your body helps you speak.Isn’t it said that actions speak louder than words? Non-verbal communication in most cases will reveal the truth that is hidden on the inside.For example, on a chilly morning you might say that you are doing well. Unexpectedly, your body shivers slightly and this is seen by the person you’re talking with. Would they believe your words or what your body communicated?When having conversations, make use of your hands, face, shoulders or any other body part as necessary. Non-verbal communication helps clarify what you are saying. An added benefit is that because people are visual, they may remember you from the actions you showed more than the words you spoke.You may for instance give a story about your pet and make sounds similar to those it makes. The person you’re talking with may remember these sounds more than anything else.This may be what pulls his attention to you for further engagement. Therefore, the sound you made made you memorable and that is a good thing. It interested the person you were talking with, giving you a better chance to talk with him again in the future.Body language also helps break the monotony of speaking. When you use words only, you are likely to become boring more quickly than when including body language. You cannot communicate effectively without the use of non-verbal communication.CONCLUSIONConversations are an everyday thing. They fill your life every day. At the grocery store, workplace, gas station and everywhere else you go. As long as you meet someone or some people, you will very likely have a conversation.Becoming a better conversationalist is not a difficult thing. As with all other things to be learned, the first step is to have the right mindset. Stop thinking that conversations are d ifficult and your mind will have an easier time learning. To make it easy to start a conversation, just start talking about something that is in the environment which both of you are in.As you practice the above tips, do not be too hard on yourself. Don’t expect perfection in a single day. There is no expertise that can be developed instantly. Take your time and look at these tips as lessons. You can learn them as topics in a course.If you follow through and improve your conversational skills, you will stand a better chance of influencing others through conversations.

Family Family Gender Roles Essay - 1429 Words

Family Gender Roles Introduction Gender roles are usually centered on conceptions of femininity and masculinity, although there are exceptions and variations. (Wiki) Families play a big part in gender roles because from a young age children look up to the parents. Many people believe that women’s role is to be at home and men’s role to be out in the workforce. For this paper I will be reviewing three different pieces of literature; a website, How Do Male and Female Roles Differ in Your Family? by Katherine Schulten and Lily Altavena, published on February 9, 2012. A magazine article Gender stereotypes are holding strong: Beliefs about the roles of men and women are as firmly held now as they were in 1980 by Abigail Beall, published on March 9, 2016. A scholarly journal titled Family Patterns of Gender Role Attitudes by Jaime Marks, Lam Chun Bun, and Susan M. McHale, published in August 2009. Through this research, I would like to find more upon family gender roles. I would like to see if there is an ything to offer to help change those roles both in the home and in society. Website Content Coverage In the article, How Do Male and Female Roles Differ in Your Family? the audience in this website can be both for scholarly and general. The information is secondary in nature because the authors had taken the information from other sources. The article does provide general background information on how males and females are considered different when they are with theShow MoreRelatedGender Roles Of Modern Family935 Words   |  4 PagesGender Roles in Modern Family Modern family is a ongoing TV show that follows the lives of three different families. The first family consists of Jay, his second wife, Gloria, and her son Manny. The second family is made up of Jay’s son Mitchell, his partner, Cam, and their adopted daughter, Lily. The final family consists of Jay’s daughter Claire, her husband, Phil, and their three kids, Hailey, Alex, and Luke. Modern Family sets out to show the everyday lives of these three households and the differentRead MoreGender Roles And Family Conflict1024 Words   |  5 PagesGender roles vary from family to family, and for my family, they are a combination of many different types. For my childhood, I was raised nontraditional in the sense of masculinity and femininity. I had Barbies ©, Tonka Trucks ©, kitchen sets, and legos. I was never told that Barbies © were only for girls and that Tonka Truck © were only for guys. From traditional to nontraditional roles, I have been raised to be my own and unique individual. When I was younger, I was raised in a very nontraditionalRead More Family Values and Gender Roles Essay869 Words   |  4 Pages Family Values and Gender Roles      Ã‚   Family is the basis of life and is a basis for what a person learns as they grow into adulthood. Family Values are what your family teaches you.   Family is similar to school in the fact that your family teaches you about the world and how every human interacts with others. Gender Roles are the hierarchical basis of a family; the father is the bread winner, mother makes sure dinner is on the table at eight p.m., and the children are straight A studentsRead MoreGender Roles And Responsibilities Within A Family1609 Words   |  7 Pagestypical Western family consists of a mother and father, and their dependent children; this is known as the nuclear family. There’s a mix of genders and age generations. Gender is the social construction of how a person should look and act based upon their biological sex. For example a male baby is often dressed in blue, whereas a female baby is often dressed in pink. These gender ideals are not applicable worldwide, as views on g ender vary dramatically. As a result, this affects roles and responsibilitiesRead MoreGender Roles : The And Care Givers Of The Family Essay1241 Words   |  5 PagesFrom an early age, most people, rather male or female are taught which roles they play in life. Men are commonly known, to be the provider and safety net for a family. While commonly, women are known to be the nurtures and care givers of the family. Each of these pre-conceived notions are defined to be labeled as gender roles. A position played by a person of a certain gender, based off of past history, family orientation, environment and many other things. Female qualities are methods that our wayRead MoreGender Roles And Its Impact On The Family Structure1661 Words   |  7 Pagesthis paper I will discuss gender role and its impact on inequality. I will discuss gender inequality and its impact on creating as well demolishing families. I will mention different family structures and how gender roles have changed throu ghout time. I will explain how feminism has given opportunities to women and in effect transformed the family structure. First let me define gender. Gender is composed of three parts: biology, gender roles, and sexuality. Gender roles are the behaviors, attitudesRead MoreTraditional Gender Roles : My Family878 Words   |  4 PagesA quick glance at my family would reveal mostly traditional gender roles. My mother, for at least the first part of my childhood, was a stay at home mom who ascribed to more traditional gender roles. My mother and grandmother cooked almost every meal and were largely responsible for the care of my siblings and me. My father was the breadwinner who worked fifty to sixty hours a week to provide for his family. He was treated as the head of the household and, if my parents could not come to a consensusRead MoreGender Roles : How They Affect The Family1327 Words   |  6 PagesGender Roles: How They Affect the Family Gender role is a term used in the social sciences and humanities to denote a set of behavioral norms that accompany a given gendered status in a given social group or system (Gender roles. 2011). When people think about gender roles in the family, they normally go right to the stereo types; men always are the ones who work and women are the ones who stay at home and take care of the house and children. In some families that is not the case; there are someRead MoreStructured Gender Roles And Effects Of A Family1207 Words   |  5 Pages Structured Gender Roles and the Effects of a Family. â€Å"The man who had contradicted him had no titles. That s why he had called him a woman†(26). In â€Å"Things fall apart† by Chinua Achebe, structured gender roles play a significant role in the village of Umuofia. Okonkwo s violences and anger take these stereotypes to an extreme, damaging his relationships with close relatives. The women’s roles in things fall apart are greatly underestimated due to structured gender roles. Aspects of respectRead MoreGender Roles Of A Christian And Multicultural Family937 Words   |  4 PagesGrowing up in a Christian and multicultural family, the role of gender has always played a vital role in my life. Growing up, my father was the breadwinner in the family, although my mother had a higher income than him. My mother has always told me to stay true to the Bible, although there might be confusion due to society. As a sociology major, I have come to develop a better understanding of how gender as affected society and myself. As a Christian, gender differences are classified as the province

The Zailckas Smashed A Story Of A Drunken Girlhood

I decided to write my final paper on Koren Zailckas Smashed: A Story of a Drunken Girlhood. A memoir based on a young 14 year old girl who drinks for the first time with her friend Natalie before a birthday party. Her experiences with alcohol doesn’t stop there. We learn that she gets her stomach pumped at age 16, and at age 22, wakes up in an apartment in New York City unsure of where she is, because of alcohol. After this, she realizes that she has a problem and that she needs help. I chose this book as the topic of underage drinking and alcohol abuse is constantly rising in our society today. It is a problem that many youth kids are facing, and this book perfectly describes a young girls story about her addiction with alcohol and the many poor decisions she makes. The main reason why I decided to choose this book is because I can personally relate to a lot of the events that Zailckas goes through, and know how she felt in certain situations. The way she describes how she li kes the way alcohol makes her feel, how each bar and drink can relate to different moods she’s in, or how good of a sleep she gets when she’s drunk because its such a deep sleep hit home, as I once have said those exact things. In the helping profession, I believe it is easier for a patient to open up to you if you have also experienced what they are going through. Being that I started drinking at a very young age, I can relate to my patients and help them to the best of my abilities and tell them myShow MoreRelatedSmashed: Story Of A Drunken Girlhood by Koren Zailckas Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesSmashed: Story of a Drunken Girlhood Smashed: Story of a Drunken Girlhood is Koren Zailckas account of life as an alcoholic. It traces her life from her first drink, when she was fourteen, to her last, at twenty-two; Smashed chronicles Zailckas struggle with alcohol abuse, in an effort to explain the binge drinking phenomenon that plagues Americas youth. When Koren was fourteen her friend Natalie found a bottle of Whiskey at Natalies parents cabin. This would be her first experience, ofRead MoreKoren Zailckas, The Author Of Smashed: Story Of A Drunken1532 Words   |  7 PagesKoren Zailckas, the author of Smashed: Story of a Drunken Girlhood (2005), is a 37 year-old Caucasian female who was born to a Catholic, middle-class family in 1980 (Zailckas, 2005, p. xiii). Zailckas grew up on the Northeast side of the United States with her mother, father, and sister who is five years younger than her—none of whom, according to her, have a history of alcoholism (p. xiv). Zailckas, however, recounts starting to drink as early as the age of fourteen and continuing to do so throughout

Causes of World War vocab Free Essays

The Tsarina, Alexandra, thought he was a miracle and welcomed him to the royal family. That’s when he started Glenn bad advice to Tsar Nicolas. 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Causes of World War vocab or any similar topic only for you Order Now Militarism Militarism is the belief that a country should have a strong military and to be prepared to use it whenever the country needs protection. Militarism is significant because this is part of the main causes of WWW. All the powers wanted to have a good military to be prepared for war. Because of being prepared all the time, WWW was quick to happen; because of just one event. 4. Nationalism Nationalism is the belief that your own county is the best and deserves all the power. Nationalism is significant because it’s part of the base reasons why WWW happened. When Germany became a nation in 1871, it disturbed the balance of power in Europe. The other European countries thought that Germany would be a threat to their power. So all the powers thought they were the best and that caused conflicts, which caused WWW. 5. Imperialism Triple Entente Imperialism is a policy in which a strong nation looks to dominate other countries politically, economically or socially. This is an alliance consisting of Britain, France and Russia in 1907. This is significant because it was one of the earliest causes of WWW. The scramble for Africa to imperialism it caused many conflicts and tensions within the powers. The European powers were competing a lot between each other for African territory. Those rivalries played a big role later in the causing of WWW. This alliance was important because these were one of the biggest powers. All 3 had something in common: they didn’t like Germany Austria. That brought them to make an alliance ND had a common goal of getting rid of Germany and Australia’s power. Soon that became more definite and was on the way to having WWW. 7. Triple Alliance This is an alliance consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in 1907. This alliance if significant because Germany and Austria were very close and had common ideas. Russia used to be with them (Emperors League) but since they got out because of the Congress of Berlin, Italy took its place. Their ideals were that they had to support previous alliances and provide a defense system against the other European powers. Because of these rivalries, it soon caused WWW. Blank Check The black check is a check that Germany gives to Austria; reassuring them that Germany will fully support Austria, no matter what. The Blank Check is significant because Germany, basically, blindly gives their support to Austria- without considering what’s happen in the future. Since William II says that, it gives Austria an even bigger ego. Later Austria and Serbia have conflicts and are very close to war; at this poi nt Germany can’t back out now because they already gave their word to Austria. 9. Archduke Francis Ferdinand He is the hair to Austrian throne. He was soon to become the king of Austria until him and his wife, Sophia, got assassinated by Gabriele Prince; who was with the Black Hand group. Archduke Francis Ferdinand is significant because this is the event that really started WWW. Because of his assassination, by Gabriele Prince, Austria is furious and automatically thinks that it was Serbians doing; even without proper evidence. It does turn out that Gabriele Prince was with a group from Serbia, so that’s when WWW began. 10. The Balkan states consisted of Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro, and Greece; it made â€Å"The Balkan League†. The Balkan states were under Ottoman control. The conflicts between these states caused Balkan wars. The Balkan Crises is very significant because the Balkan states wanted independence from the Ottomans. So in 1878, Bulgaria was created in the Treaty of San Stefan, it was viewed as a Russian satellite. Then it got reduced and returned to Ottomans in the Congress of Berlin. In 1912, Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro, and Greece defeated Ottoman provinces (Albania Macedonia) but couldn’t decide how to split it, resulting in the 2nd Balkan war (1913). Then Greece, Serbia Romania and Ottomans defeated Bulgaria. Because of that, Bulgaria got a little of Macedonia- the rest was divided by Serbia Greece. Still, Serbia was unsatisfied of the amount of land. The two Balkan wars created more tensions among the great powers. 11. Black Hand/Gabriele Prince This group was a Serbian terrorist group that wanted to create a pan-Slavic nation. It was made up of military some government officials. Gabriele Prince was part of this group. The Black Hand is significant because Gabriele Prince was part of it. He was a big deal because Prince was responsible for the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand. Since he was heir to the throne, it caused a great deal of fury in Austria. This was the major event that caused WWW. 12. Austrian Ultimatum On July 23, 1914 Austria gave Serbia a set of extreme demands if they don’t want to go to war with Austria. This ultimatum is very important because when Austria gave Serbia the ultimatum, Serbia didn’t agree. Serbia didn’t agree because the demands were very extreme and unrealistic for a country to agree with. That resulted in Austria declaring war on Serbia on July 28. Then that started involving other countries which turned into WWW. How to cite Causes of World War vocab, Essays

Savior In Gnosticism And Orthodoxy Essay Example For Students

Savior In Gnosticism And Orthodoxy Essay I am attempting to write one coherent essay discussing questions three and two. I propose to first characterize the opposing views of the savior in Gnosticismand in Orthodoxy. Secondly, I will compare the Valentinian and classic Gnosticsin how they differ and how the Gospel of Truth exemplifies the features ofValentinian Gnosticism. The Orthodox view the church as a necessary mediumbetween the laity and god; they argued that without the church and the hierarchyof clergy, the congregation would not be able to attain god on their own. Theysaw the coming of gods kingdom as a literal event. They also saw itpreposterous thought to separate the body from human life. That is, they sawJesus as both flesh and spirit that were inseparable. The Orthodox consideredthe crucifixion of Jesus as a historical account. They viewed Jesus as a martyrthat sacrificed his life so that we may live. It was believed that the martyrdomof Jesus allows for the forgiveness of sins and ensures resurrection and ourlife everlasting; this sacrifice allowed us to release our guilt and receiveforg iveness for our sins. On the matter of what Jesus was, the Gnosticsvehemently disagreed with the Orthodox Church. Gnostics believed that Jesus wasmore than a human martyr; Gnostics believed that the Holy Spirit (Christ) andJesus of Nazareth were two separate entities. They felt that Jesus was a man offlesh who, at baptism, received the Holy Spirit and became Christ. They lookedat it as though the spirit of Christ was occupying the body of Jesus until thecrucifixion, where the spirit was transfigured and released so that we mayattain salvation. Gnostics and the Orthodox Church also argued over the point ofthe suffering, or the passion of Jesus. Gnostics felt that Christ only appearedto suffer and die, it was the body that suffered and when Jesus passed, thespirit was transfigured and released. Gnostics and the Orthodox also disagreedon the point of the existence of God. The Gnostics rationalized that the god ofthe old testament-a god of creation and punishment was clearly a separate entityfrom the god of Jesus, who was a loving and forgiving god. How could such aloving god reach out to us with salvation and forgiveness be the same god whocreated pain, punishment and suffering. The Orthodox believed in one god,the father almighty creator of heaven and earth. In fact this was themajor claim of the creed that the orthodox Christians proclaimed as part oftheir faith. Another point of argument was how to attain salvation. OrthodoxChristians felt it was necessary to proclaim, out loud, their belief in one god. This was the discerning factor that allowed them to separate themselves from theGnostics-who were now considered heretics and a threat to the church. Gnosticsbelieved that as long as one lived in faith and held good conduct throughouttheir entire life they would achieve salvation. Gnostics felt their approach wassuperior to that of the Orthodox Christians because even hypocrites couldproclaim the creed, not believe in it and still reach life eternal andsalvation. After Jesus died, both Orthodox Christians and Gnostics claimed towitness the resurrection of Christ. The orthodox claimed that they saw thephysical reappearance of Jesus Christ and expressed the importance of this typeof sighting as the truth. Gnostics had the belief that the relationship betweensalvation and themselves was on a more personal level. Gnostics insisted that itwas merely an encounter between the witness and the spirit of Christ that hadbeen transformed. This follows the Gnostics belief that religious enlighten mentcame from introspect and self-knowledge. Once one had achieved this gnosis theywere considered to be of mature knowledge and a member of an elite group readyto receive the secret knowledge of the spirit. Gnostics believed that theybelonged to the true church of an elect few who were worthy; theorthodox Christians would not be saved because they were blind to the truth. Ignatus took the idea of the father, son and the Holy Spirit to anextreme. He felt that this same hierarchy was represented on earth by theprocession of bishop, priest and deacon. And only by worshiping the bishop as astand-in for god would they be saved. The Orthodox Church was adamant about theimportance of the clergy as the medium to god. The Valentinians were a branch ofGnosticism that often were not recognized as heretics. They rode a fine linebetween the orthodox and the Gnostics. The Valentinians were different from therest of the Gnostics because they, like the Orthodox Church, proclaimed beliefin one god. The orthodox believed that once the Valentinians were in seclusionthat they entertained the thought of a conflict between the popular image of godas the source of all being. The Orthodox Church was soon more threatened by theValentinians because they were heretics whos teachings were comparable to thatof the Orthodox in what they said-but what they meant was blasphemous. Th eValentinians were like the classic Gnostics because they disagreed with theOrthodox Church on the matter of the importance of clergy in the matter ofattaining a relationship with god. They both viewed the discussion of god as anoverlying issue to the question of spiritual authority. They stated that theOrthodox Church was more concerned with the matters of who had more power thanfocusing on the real matters. The Orthodox stressed the importance of therelationship between the succession of clergy and the connection to the father,son and the Holy Spirit. Clement, of the Orthodox Church decreed that any personwho disobeyed the power of the bishop was blasphemous and should be condemned todeath. The Gnostics expressed the importance of equality in the worship. Theyargued that by considering each other as equals, there would be lessconcentration on the fight for power and more focus on attaining knowledge andsalvation. The Gnostics took a radical position for the time and it stillemanat es today-the position of women in the church. The Gnostics allowed womento participate in all aspects of the worship; in fact, any one at any time wasallowed to assume the position of bishop. This way, there was no arguments overwho held more power. The Orthodox Church thought this was total and completeblasphemy. They felt that women had no place in the leadership of the church. Risk Taking EssayIgnatus took the idea of the father, son and the Holy Spirit to anextreme. He felt that this same hierarchy was represented on earth by theprocession of bishop, priest and deacon. And only by worshiping the bishop as astand-in for god would they be saved. The Orthodox Church was adamant about theimportance of the clergy as the medium to god. The Valentinians were a branch ofGnosticism that often were not recognized as heretics. They rode a fine linebetween the orthodox and the Gnostics. The Valentinians were different from therest of the Gnostics because they, like the Orthodox Church, proclaimed beliefin one god. The orthodox believed that once the Valentinians were in seclusionthat they entertained the thought of a conflict between the popular image of godas the source of all being. The Orthodox Church was soon more threatened by theValentinians because they were heretics whos teachings were comparable to thatof the Orthodox in what they said-but what they meant was blasphemous. TheValentinians were like the classic Gnostics because they disagreed with theOrthodox Church on the matter of the importance of clergy in the matter ofattaining a relationship with god. They both viewed the discussion of god as anoverlying issue to the question of spiritual authority. They stated that theOrthodox Church was more concerned with the matters of who had more power thanfocusing on the real matters. The Orthodox stressed the importance of therelationship between the succession of clergy and the connection to the father,son and the Holy Spirit. Clement, of the Orthodox Church decreed that any personwho disobeyed the power of the bishop was blasphemous and should be condemned todeath. The Gnostics expressed the importance of equality in the worship. Theyargued that by considering each other as equals, there would be lessconcentration on the fight for power and more focus on attaining knowledge andsalvation. The Gnostics took a radical position for the time and it stillemanates today-the position of women in the church. The Gnostics allowed womento participate in all aspects of the worship; in fact, any one at any time wasallowed to assume the position of bishop. This way, there was no arguments overwho held more power. The Orthodox Church thought this was total and completeblasphemy. They felt that women had no place in the leadership of the church. Part of the reason that Gnostics expressed their belief in equality was becauseof the way that they viewed the relationship between Jesus and his disciples. They did not see Jesus as a superior to the apostles. Rather, they saw Jesus notas a prophet with all of the answers, but as a messenger of the information thatshould be sed as a resource and a jumping-off point on their search for gnosis. The Gospel of Truth is a Christian Gnostic text linked to the Valentinin School. It is a reflection of the life and work of Jesus. It reflects the significanceof Jesus and his works. This work is exemplary of the basis of the ValentinianGnostic movement. This text expressed the Valentinian principle that theknowledge of god destroys ignorance. It spells out the mythical account of thefall of Sophia and calls it the description of error. This script talks ofJesus work as a revealer and a teacher. It expresses the point about thesignificance of his death and resurrection of his spirit and its connection toour salvation. It interprets the event of Jesus death as a revelation of theessence of the Father and the Origins of humanity within him. Through thisinsight, the powers are overcome. It describes the authentic human experience asone attained through knowledge-it introduces the contrast between this life ofknowledge and that of the hell of living in ignorance. The account spells outhow the revelation permits the eventual return to the Father. It states that theult imate goal was to eventually return to the Father. This was made possiblethrough the teachings of Christ as enlightenment to our knowledge. The Gospel ofTruth says that we should recognize where we come from and embrace our destinyto return to the father through the salvation of enlightenment and knowledge. The Orthodox Christians and the Gnostics seemed to be at opposite poles when itcame to the discussion of religion, the origin and composition of Jesus and godand the relationship of these figures to the importance of authority in thechurch. The Orthodox took a more strict position on these points of debate-Godwas only one god and the relationship between the Father, Son and Holy Spiritand its analogy to the hierarchy of leaders in the church. They tried to impressupon their members the importance of respecting the authority of the bishops. The Gnostics felt that neither the church, nor the bishops did have such animportant role in the matter of attaining salvation. They also argued that apunishing god of the Old Testament and the forgiving god of the New Testamentwere different entities. Valentinians seemed to be positioned somewhere in themiddle. They agreed with the Orthodox Church, at least out loud, on the pointthat there was only one god. On the other hand, they disagreed with the Orthodoxand agreed with the Gnostics on the lack of importance over the debate of whoheld authority over the worship. The Gospel of Truth was a Valentinian accountof their position and where they stand on these ideas and about the matter ofsalvation through knowledge. Religion

Othello Essays (1528 words) - Othello, Iago, Roderigo,

On a recent episode of House, a popular television show, a competitive bicyclist was admitted to the hospital after having a close encounter with death. The doctors completed examination after examination until they concluded that the patient?s illness was the result of his use of illegal paraphernalia. At this point, the doctors had to make a moral decision as to whether or not to report their patient on the basis of his cheating. On one hand, the patient was worshiped by children and his reputation would be ruined if he were to be turned in. Dr. Allison Cameron believed that the patient deserved to be turned in and that the children who worshiped him deserved to know the truth about the patient. She said that the patient ?isn?t who he says he is.? However, Dr. James Wilson questioned, ?Who cares who he says he is In today?s society, just as there was in the House episode, there is a disconnect between appearance and reality. A person?s appearance, how an individual is described from what can be seen on the outside, may be far from reality, or what is on the inside. The theme of appearance versus reality, however, is far from being something that has just appeared in recent years. In fact, this theme is present in many of William Shakespeare?s works, specifically Othello, which date back to the late 1500?s and the early 1600?s. The first instance in which the theme of appearance versus reality appears is with Othello. Othello appears to be loved and respected by his peers. And even though most of his peers describe him as the ?valiant Moor?, ?valiant Othello? or the ?brave Moor?, some characters do not truly see Othello as described (Shakespeare I,iii,47-48; I,iii,288). For instance, Iago?s statement of ?I hate the Moor? clearly demonstrates how some characters show abhorrence toward Othello (Shakespeare I,iii,350). Also, during the initial acts of the play, Othello is portrayed as a strong and confident character. However, all of the allegations that Iago makes about Desdemona being unfaithful to Othello quickly breaks Othello down and he becomes easily ?driven to jealousy? (McCulloch 77). Othello is also socially insecure, which may be attributed to him being a black man in a white man?s world. Not to mention, he is a black man in a high ranking position that requires him to give orders to white men. Addi tionally, Othello appears to be one who is calm and has self control, even under the most difficult of circumstances. But, Othello turns to rage and revenge in the final acts of the play. In fact, Othello, who had never struck Desdemona before, strikes her during one of their conversations and, on many other occasions, raises his voice at Desdemona. These actions, which are far from the actions of a calm and collected man, surprises other characters, including Lodovicio who makes the following comment: Is this the noble Moor, whom our fill senate Call all in all sufficient? Is this the nature Whom passion could not shake, whose solid virtue The shot of accident nor dart of chance Could neither graze nor pierce? (Shakespeare IV,i,249-253) Othello is not the character that others thought he was. Another instance in which the theme of appearance versus reality appears is within Othello and Desdemona?s relationship. According to Cahn, the love between Othello and Desdemona, the foundation of the story, is itself based on illusion (17). When Othello is describing to Brabantio how Desdemona fell in love with Othello, he makes the following comment: My story being done, She gave my story for my pains a world of sighs. She swore, in faith, ?twas strange, ?twas passing strange, ?Twas pitiful, ?twas wondrous pitiful. She wished she had not heard it, yet she wished That Heaven made her such a man. (Shakespeare I,iii,157-162) Desdemona, being wooed by the ?hero at the core of this story? and the story of his life, is not in love with, but is infatuated with Othello (Cahn 17). ?She does not know Othello as a man, but only as a fantasy figure? (Cahn 17). In essence, Desdemona is in love with the heroic actions and noble deeds of Othello rather than his inner being, his character, and his personality. Similarly, Othello is not in love with

Understanding Meritocracy

Understanding Meritocracy Meritocracy is a social system in which success and status in life depend primarily on individual talents, abilities, and effort. It is a social system in which people advance on the basis of their merits. A meritocratic system contrasts with aristocracy, for which people advance on the basis of the status and titles of family and other relations.   From the days of Aristotle, who coined the term ethos, the idea of awarding positions of power to those most capable have been a part of political discussion not only for governments but for business endeavors as well. Many Western societiesthe United States chief among themare commonly considered to be meritocracies, meaning these societies are built on the belief that anyone can make it with hard work and dedication. Social scientists often refer to this as the bootstrap ideology, evoking the popular notion of pulling oneself up by the bootstraps.   However, many challenge the validity of the position that Western societies are meritocracies, perhaps rightfully so. Widespread evidence exists, to varying degrees, within each of these societies of structural inequalities and systems of oppression designed and developed specifically to limit opportunities based on class, gender, race, ethnicity, ability, sexuality, and other social markers. Aristotles Ethos and Meritocracy In discussions of rhetoric, Aristotle relates the epitome of his understanding of the word ethos as the mastery of a particular subject.   Rather than determining merit based on the modern state of affairs as exemplified by the political system in place at the time, Aristotle argued that it should come from a traditional understanding of aristocratic and oligarchical structures that define good and knowledgeable. In 1958, Michael Young wrote a satirical paper mocking the Tripartite System of British education called The Rise of the Meritocracy, declaring that merit is equated with intelligence-plus-effort, its possessors are identified at an early age and selected for appropriate intensive education, and there is an obsession with quantification, test-scoring, and qualifications. The term has come to frequently be described in modern day sociology and psychology as any act of judgment based on merit. Although some disagree about what qualifies as true merit, most now agree that merit should be the primary concern for selecting an applicant for a position. Social  Inequality and Merit Disparity In modern times, especially in the United States, the idea of a merit-based-only system of governance and business creates a disparity, as the availability of resources to cultivate merit are largely predicated upon ones current and historic socioeconomic status. Thus, those born into higher socioeconomic standingthose who have more wealthhave access to more resources than those born into lower standing.   Unequal access to resources has a direct and significant effect on the quality of education a child will receive all the way from kindergarten through university. The quality of ones education, among other factors related to inequalities and discrimination, directly affects the development of merit and how meritorious one will appear when applying for positions. In his 2012 book Meritocratic Education and Social Worthlessness, Khen Lampert argues that a kinship exists between merit-based scholarships and education and social Darwinism, wherein only those given opportunities from birth are able to survive natural selection: By awarding only those who possess the means to afford a higher-quality education, either through intellectual or financial merit, a disparity is institutionally created between the impoverished and the wealthy, those born with inherent disadvantages and those born into socioeconomic prosperity. While meritocracy is a noble ideal for any social system, achieving it first requires recognizing that social, economic, and political conditions may exist which make it impossible. To achieve it, then, such conditions must be corrected.

HRM exam preparation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HRM exam preparation - Essay Example Simply put, these are regarded as beliefs that often incline businesses as well as the individuals to act in certain ways which are different from the others. Values range from financial, political as well as religious among others and these often shape the way an organisation operates towards the attainment of its goals. In an organisation, there is a generally accepted way of doing business and this is widely regarded as the blueprint that is responsible for shaping the way people behave in an organisation. Against this background, it can be noted that attitude is primarily concerned with shaping our feelings towards something. These feelings can either be positive or negative depending on the nature of the situation existing on the ground. It can be seen that attitude is shaped to suit the needs of people involved. Valence is the degree of positive or negative feelings about an object while centrality is the extent to which attitude is part of the person’s self. Each individual has an attitude that helps define his personality. Interrelatedness is another character of attitude which is related to the other attitudes while stability posits to the effect that attitude is resistance to change. Specificity is the degree to which attitude is specific to a particular attribute while salience is the degree of awareness of holding an attitude. Basically, attitudes are man-made and they are part of an individual’s psychological make-up and develop and change in response to the person’s current needs. Each and every individual person has a peculiar attitude that distinguishes him from the others. However, it has to be noted that we are not born with attitudes but these are learned especially from parents, family, peers as well as workmates. Work-related attitudes are of importance to many organisations and because they have potential outcomes that could be beneficial, the two that

How do different parts of the 'media' potray drugs and drug users why Essay

How do different parts of the 'media' potray drugs and drug users why do you think this is - Essay Example However, the media may present distorted information to the public regarding drugs and drug users since it might be based on individual opinion and perception. If such information is used in the efforts to curb the abuse of drugs, success may not be accomplished. There are various reasons why people use drugs. Some are used for medical reasons while others are used for pleasure. Those who use drugs for non medical purposes are faced with many problems ranging from health issues to social exclusion and stigmatization. Alcohol is the most commonly non medical drug used especially due to the fact that it is allowed by the law in many countries. The manufacturers sacrifice much of their resources in marketing and promotions, with the media playing a significant role in awareness creation among consumers. Different parts of the media are used to target various market segments of drug users. On the other hand, the media is also used for awareness creation in the fight against drug use. They provide substantial information to the public, which portray drugs as substances that are detrimental to the health of users. Moreover, drug use is portrayed as an antisocial behavior and therefore the users are viewed as posing a safety risk to the public, mai nly due to their association with crime and violent behavior. The manner in which the media portrays drugs and drug users is a significant in determinant of the drugs debate. The society’s perception is based on the information acquired from the media. Most parts of the media give the implication that drugs are dangerous substances that are associated with causing death, psychological disorders, violence, crime and many other antisocial behaviors. For this reason, drug users are portrayed as individuals who exhibit undesirable character in the community. Parrott et al. (2004 p 48) observes that the psychoactive drugs are mainly used for excitement but they may have adverse effects if they are consumed

Amazon Supply Chain Management and Logistics Management

Amazon Supply Chain Management and Logistics Management The case study I have chosen for my topic is on AMAZON.COM, the area where I would be focusing is on the core concept of e-business and the benefits it provide effectively in adopting e-supply chain strategies. The main focus here in on the word e-as it has change the way of doing business in a global environment. Therefore, technology here plays a vital role in expanding new areas for businesses and enabling organizations to minimize their costs and work more precisely and effectively. Internet has made the world a small village for customers as now customers from across the world can assess any product of their choice by one click of mouse. Internet is world of opportunities as I come across a statement given by Tony Blair (UKs X Prime Minister), If you dont see the Internet as an opportunity, it will be a threat. (Financial Times, 1999) (Barnes 2001) Furthermore, this paper would be focusing on Amazons history and background, and then the focus would be on the product and services Amazon is offering to its customers, the practice of supply chain within the company and its customers. The paper also comprises of the benefits of e-business Amazon is providing to the customers effectively as well as importance of logistics in fulfillment of supply chain strategy throughout the supply chain. Background of Amazon.Com Amazon.Com was launched on 16th July 1995 by Jeff Bezos known as pioneer in e-commerce (R. Spector 2000) with a tag line under the alphabet A Earths Biggest Bookstore and is based in Seattle. At the beginning the web page was designed for selling books with a message at the top of the website Welcome to Amazon.com Books Search one million titles. Enjoy consistently low prices. (R.Spector, 2000). At Present the company is providing three primary customer sets; consumers, Sellers, and developers. The general idea behind Amazon was to serve as many customers as possible with variety of products that the volume of business would generate profits for Amazon.com. (R.Saunders 2001). In the early phase of business the company agreed upon having a very little or no inventory due to costs involved in keeping inventory. In the early nineties many traditional bricks-and-mortar retailers worked with their suppliers in accordance with the concept just-in-time delivery in order to keep the cost of inventory low but Amazon followed almost-in-time delivery introduced by Barton Davis who was the second employee of the firm when Amazon started. (R.Spector,2000). This strategy meant that the books will be delivered to the customers after they order it as they are not kept in the stock until a customer asks for it. At present Amazon have six warehouses where it stocks its inventory. As per the companys annual report of 2009 it indicates that company is experiencing continuous improvement in customer services which is result of 15 years of previous service like speeding delivery, reducing their cost structure in order to offer customers with ever lower cost prices. (J.P. Bezos 2010). Products and Services at Amazon Amazon started with selling of books by filling all orders of books by purchasing from a distributor in accordance with the orders given by customers. At Amazon they have a stock of bestselling books. Amazons main strategy is to keep on expanding the set of products and sell them online. In June 2002 Amazon became an authorized dealer of Sony Corp., selling sony products online (E. Turban, 2006). Apart from books Amazon has added many new product categories such as music, toys, electronics, jewelry, shoes and apparel (S.Chopra 2007). According to the annual report of Amazon.Com (2009), it has added 21 new categories around the world which includes Automotive in Japan, Shoes and Apparel in China. Amazon web services as also launched new services and features which includes the Amazon Relational Database Service, Virtual Private Cloud, Elastic MapReduce, High-Memory EC2 Instances and Versioning for Amazon S3. (J.P. Bezos.2010). Supply Chain Practices of Amazon.Com Before we come to the supply chain practice of Amazon.Com its necessary to define Supply Chain Management, therefore supply chain management refers Supply chain management is a set of approaches utilized to efficiently integrate suppliers. Manufacturers, warehouses, and stores, so that merchandise is produced and distributed at the right quantities, to the right locations, and at the right time, in order to minimize systemwide costs while satisfying service level requirement.. (D.S.Levi 2008, Pg.1). Now, after looking at the definition we come across the real meaning of supply chain management, therefore, if we look at supply chain of Amazon.Com it start from the customer and ends up to the customer meaning its a continuous process which starts when the customer for the first time makes a request for any product at Amazon, it directly goes into his virtual basket and after pressing the buy button and mode of payment he selects a mode of delivery services which includes overnight and various international shipping options (R. Spector 2000). Amazon have a system where orders are recorded, registered and processed and simultaneously, customer on the other hand is immediately apprised of the status of his order and how long will it take to ship the product with the amount of shipping costs involved in it (R. Saunders 2001). Inventory Management at Amazon.Com Amazon stocks best-selling books at its warehouses and get the other titles from other distributors or publishers. To deliver the products Amazon uses U.S. Postal Services, UPS and FedEx to deliver the goods to the customers (S.Chopra 2007). Here we can see the importance of e-commerce in supply chain that how effectively organizations are trying to invest and find new opportunities through e-commerce especially in field of supply chain management. The supply chain of Amazon is very strong just because of responding quickly and accordingly to the customers specification on delivering the goods at the right time, at the right place and at the right price during the time specified According to the annual report 2009 of Amazon.Com, the inventories rose over 200,000 titles at the end of the year which enabled Amazon to improve the availability of products for their customers. Customer Relationship Management by Amazon.Com Every business revolves around satisfying customers and enhancing their relationship for long term, the same implies with providing services on Internet or e-commerce, the general idea is to create a positive relationship with customers. The Internet has played an important role in making it possible for organizations to focus on building relationships with customers and having a direct contact with each customer (S. Barnes 2001). Therefore, businesses on internet can improve synchronization, both within and across companies while providing a direct contact with end users. If we look at Amazon, it has build a strong relationship with all of its customers by meeting up their expectations and trying to be more effective in going beyond their expectations. From the companys more than 80 million customers across the world, more than half are repeat buyers (R.Saunders 2001). The focus of Amazon was to offer customers compelling value from the beginning and to meet customers requirement 365 days a year. According to the annual report 2009 of Amazon.Com, Amazon has relied on Word of Mouth advertisement and to date it remains the most powerful tool in customer acquisition because repeat purchasing and word of mouth has made Amazon to be a market leader in online bookselling. Therefore, it is important for retailers to emphasize on satisfying customers because this can enable them to move first time buyers to loyal customers. Bezos, the chairman of Amazon once said, A pool of evangelists will use the Internet as a megaphone to help attract new customers with word of mouth. (R.Saunders 2001, pg.102) Importance of Logistics in Supply Chain Management Logistics plays an important role in supply chain because it acts as a bridge or link between the entire processes of supply chain as it is the main source of delivering the products to the end consumers in a timely manner as and when required. There is a big challenge in logistics in managing the whole logistics system in order to meet the customer requirements, perhaps, exceeding customer expectations. In todays competitive world and speed of ordering via Internet intensify the need of effective logistics system in order to deploy appropriate levels of inventory, delivering the products within the promised time and also managing the returns if required. The role of Logistics in Supply chain implies in creating a place utility and in managing the time effectively, as place utility is provided through moving the goods from the point of production to the point where demand exists, thus adding a economic value to the goods. Time utility is of greater essence as it is not necessary that the goods and services should only be available where customers need them but also that they are delivered when they actually demand them. These both activities are clearly seen in the case of Amazon.Com as both the services are effectively and efficiently performed by the organisation. Role of Logistics in Amazons Supply Chain There has been a deep research done by different authors in order to find the secrets behind the success of a retail company, and that is offering the right products in the right location at the right time having the right packaging in the right quantity at a reasonable price to the right customer (R. Saunders 2001, pg. 119). This is one of the most core elements of any organisation and seems to be the most important objective in Amazons shipping as well because the strategy is to deliver the product safely to the customer at the time specified. In the year 2000, Amazon developed a Delight-o-meter in order to track the total number of items ordered worldwide. Amazon got high marks in terms of delivering the products in time on holidays from all e-business and e-commerce magazines than other e-tailors companies of the world (R. Saunders 2001). Benefits of e-business in Supply Chain The success of every retail and e-retail depends on providing quality products at good prices having in mind quality excellent services. One of the most important benefit that e-business is providing organizations is to reach hundreds of millions of people open 365/24/7 in just a click of mouse omitting all the barriers which used to exists before. Companies with just a minimal capital requirement can easily and quickly reach to the best suppliers, unlimited customers and even most suitable business partners across the globe. This activity enables organizations to buy at cheaper rates and sell more in number of quantity. E-commerce plays a vital role in overcoming the inefficiencies in supply chain such as delivery delays and excessive inventories can be minimized. Furthermore EB also benefits in cost reduction like decreasing the cost of processing, distributing and storage activities (E. Turban 2006). Companies are now investing heavily in order to get the word E. Customers are getting the benefit due to intensive competition and number of products available to them online, like with just a click of mouse a customer with saving a lot of time can easily gather information of the features and prices of a product and can easily arrange direct shopping sitting at home (S. Korper 2001). Amazon is a classical example of B2C, which means it remains between the seller and the buyer. The objective of B2C is to optimize the business relationships with customers, increasing service levels effectively and efficiently and lastly increasing the sales (E. Turban 2006). Conclusion To sum up I would like to say that e-commerce and e-business play is a life blood of organizations, especially when I talk about Amazon.Com. A comprehensive research has been carried out through my research that how Amazon.Com has evolved its virtual door opened on the World Wide Web in July 1995. Furthermore, I would like to state that e-business plays an important role in managing the supply chain of Amazon.Com effectively and efficiently by offering customers what they are looking for and providing them their products within the time specified. Amazon.Com has become very successful in reducing its costs as well as increasing profitability effectively. The Amazon.Com leaves an example on how to do effective marketing on the Internet and satisfying customers. The role of e-business in expansion of businesses also play an important role as we see now every organisation whether big or small goes on the Web and offer their products or services on the web as well in order to grab millions of customer on the internet. E-commerce plays an important role in minimizing the costs throughout the supply chain and improves the level of service by meeting or exceeding customers expectations. At last but not the least, EC enables companies build a positive relationship with customers by providing direct services to the customers which in turn promotes better customer relationship management and increases customer loyalty.

Humboldt Squid

Humboldt Squid Dosidicus gigas Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Cephalopoda Order: Teuthida Suborder: Oegopsina Family: Ommastephidae Genus: Dosidicus Species: Dosidicus gigas Ecological Geographic range: Receives its name from its main location – the Humboldt Current This current is found in the East Pacific Ocean region The Humboldt squids are sometimes found along the coastal region of California, Oregon, Alaska and Washington Generally, found about 2,300 feet below surfaceEnter shallow waters to lay eggs Trophic level: Sharks, dolphins, whales, tuna swordfish, many types of rays as well as an abundance of crustaceans, mollusks, fish of all   sizes, and other cephalopods such as octopus can be found in the food web of the Humboldt The Humboldt is occupies a relatively high trophic level It feeds on krill and small species of fish Predators:Sperm whales, sharks, seals, swordfish, and marlin feed on Humboldt squids of all sizes, while gulls and larg e fish often capture juveniles Parasites include Chromidina elegans, a ciliate protozoan that lives inside the renal organs of the Humboldt Life Cycle: Average life span is 1 year; however, some can live up to 2 years Spend much of their short life in the ocean’s oxygen-minimum zone Come up at night to feed After 200 days, the squids reach sexual maturity They die shortly after mating Physiological Development Bilateral symmetryArms and tentacles – 8 arms and 2 retractable tentacles Mantle – hollow structure and so internal organs are all exposed directly to the ocean water Funnel – water is pumped from out of the mantle to the funnel, which allows squids to move Fins – are used for both maintaining position and generating thrust Chromatophores – tiny elastic sacs of pigment. The Humboldt squid can turn their entire bodies from red to white to red again in less than one second Digestive system: Complete and ciliated Mouth, anus and complex s tomachUse of a duck like beak to break up food A radula or ribbon horn found on the tongue directs the food down the esophagus Food is taken up by cells lining the digestive glands arising from the stomach and then passed into the blood Excretory System Undigested materials are compressed and packaged and discharged through the anus into the mantle cavity and carried away by ocean currents Excretory functions are carried out by a pair of nephridia (tubular structures that collect fluids from the coelom and exchange salts) Respiratory system:Contains three hearts to support the constantly moving lifestyle of the squid Hemocyanin is the copper-rich respiratory protein that transports oxygen throughout the body Circulatory system: complex, closed circulatory system (reason why they can move fast) contains two branchial hearts at the base of the gills which send unoxygenated blood through the gills A third ventricular heart then pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body (blood turns bl ue when oxygenated, colorless before) Nervous system: Highly developed and sensitiveBrain consists of two fused nerve centers that are linked down the length of the body by two giant nerve axons The giant axons transmit nerve signals quickly Interesting fact – the squid’s nervous system is connected to structures called statocysts. These vesicles let the animal to orient itself to a gravitational field, allowing the squid to remain aware of its orientation and movement in a three-dimensional manner Reproductive strategies Highest fecundity of any cephalopod Reach sexually maturity after 200 days of life Timing and location of eggs is still guesswork for most scientists Sexual reproductionSemelparous reproduction (reproduce once in their lifetimes and die shortly after) Female Humboldt squids can have about 10 million eggs; however, the most to have been found has been between half a million and a million eggs After the eggs are laid, there is no further parental invest ment Kurth, J. and M. Garzio 2009. â€Å"Dosidicus gigas† (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed March 18, 2013 at http://animaldiversity. ummz. umich. edu/accounts/Dosidicus_gigas/ â€Å"Squid. † The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2012. Encyclopedia. com. 18 Mar. 2013. Humboldt or Jumbo Squid Fact Sheet – National Zoo| FONZ. † Smithsonian: National Zoological Park. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Humboldt Squid. † BioWeb. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. â€Å"A Humboldt Squid Dissection Guide for Educators. † The Gilly Lab. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Humboldt Squids: Systems. † Shorecrest Preparatory School. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Humboldt  Squid. † Squid-World. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Squid Sex and Babies. † Squid Sex and Babies. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. http://theseasproject. weebly. com/uploads/5/3/8/4/5384258/5500235_orig. png? 243

“Daddy Long Legs” by Jean Webster Essay

Daddy Long Legs was written by Jean Webster on 1912. Her books often feature young female protagonists who develop into a beautiful butterfly from being a caterpillar, so to speak. They mature intellectually, socially and morally. Jerusha â€Å"Judy† Abbott is the perfect example. She is an 18-year old girl who grew up in an orphanage. She became sort of a helper as well in the orphanage since she is one of the eldest there. One day, one of the trustees that visit the orphanage every first Wednesday of the month offered Judy an opportunity to go to college as long as she becomes a writer and a monthly letter will be sent regarding the progress of her college life. The offer also mentioned that the benefactor remains unknown and replies will not be given. She can only communicate with the secretary. Throughout college, Judy met new friends from different social classes, saw the world outside the orphanage and honed her skill in writing. She was able to write several poems and books that were rejected but still pursued until she perfected a book that satisfied the standards of one of the several publishing house where she sent her stories. She never spoiled herself too much because she felt that the world does not owe her anything. In the end, she got her book published and fell in love. By just reading the title, one won’t know what the book is all about until one reads it. The book took me by surprise since I had a different kind of story in mind. I loved the book because it showed hope, kindness, determination and love. It showed hope on the part of Judy Abbott for after spending her childhood in an orphanage she was given a chance to see the world outside the John Grier Home by going to college. The book is also composed of a series of letters written by Judy regarding her progress in college which is rather a one-sided correspondence. I do imagine where Judy is coming from. While growing up, Judy never experienced what it is like to have a family or anyone for that matter showing the slightest interest in her and then suddenly, someone starts showering you with kindness, I’ll be very grateful for that. Although the deal was clearly said to Judy that no reply will be given from her benefactor, Judy still continued writing with humour, honesty, and life as if she really knew Daddy Long Legs. She kept her feet on the ground that she never let neither the new environment she is in nor the gifts that Daddy Long Legs gave her change who she is but has helped her mold who she is going to be. Throughout  college, Judy transformed into a lively and attractive young woman. She takes enormous delight in the little pleasures of ordinary life and believed in free will. She believes that regretting the past and anticipating the future makes you miss out the beauty of life that the present has to offer. The book, however, ended with Judy falling in love with Jervie Pendleton who happens to be Daddy Long Legs. The ending was romantic but also bothered me a bit since there is a fourteen year age gap between the two. But I guess, with the setting in 1912, women fell in love with more mature men. Judy even considered Daddy Long Legs her composite family. But WHAT CAN I SAY? True love prevails. It was justified at the end that Judy fell in love with Jervie Pendleton and NOT Daddy Long Legs who just happens to be her benefactor. It’s such a sweet finish but left me hanging. It would have been better if Judy did not leave Jervie while recovering from illness. It was mentioned, however, that they will be reunited again. I will definitely recommend this book. It is simple yet has a twist in the storyline. It is a wonderful story and it is a surprise love story because you’ll think that it is just a story of an orphaned girl who becomes an author with the help of a stranger. You won’t realize who loves whom until you get right to the very end. The love-hate-anger-gratitude relationship between Judy and the benefactor is also quite interesting. It appeals to all ages, young and old. It is easy to read because of the letter format.